Chicory

Chicory
Cichorium intybus

A native of the British Isles, chicory, also known as "Succory," has been naturalized all over the world. It flowers at two to three feet tall. This is the wild form of the plant, and while no longer generally cultivated as a leafy green vegetable, it certainly can be eaten. Prior to the development of modern endive and chicory cultivars, the Romans, for example, ate it as a vegetable as well as in salads. Many ancient writers, including Horace, Virgil, and Pliny, describe it being used in this way.^[1] Some say that they are tastier than dandelions as a fresh salad green.

Primarily grown in North America as an ornamental, the roots of this plant have been used for centuries in Europe to brew a beverage similar to coffee. For this purpose, its roots are harvested, washed, cut into chunks, dried, and then roasted. It is then ground and used as either a coffee amendment, or a substitute. Interestingly, the process of roasting converts one of its many compounds (e.g. inulin) into oxymethylfurfurol, which give the beverage brewed from it a coffee-like aroma.^[2]

It is said that when added to coffee, it acts as a counter-stimulant to coffee's caffeine excitable (jitters) properties. Research indicates that this is due to the compounds lactucin and lactucopicrin, which have a sedative effect on the central nervous system.

Chicory is another example of both folklore and traditional usage being validated by modern science. It has not only been used since ancient times for food and beverage, but also as a medicinal to treat various ailments related to the nervous and circulatory systems. It some areas, it has been used as a mild laxative, as well as to treat liver disorders.^[1,2]

A poultice of its bruised leaves was historically used to reduce inflammation and swelling.^[1]